The gut-skin axis

The role of the gut microbiome.

The gut microbiome consists of trillions of microorganisms that play a vital role in digestion, immune modulation, and maintaining the intestinal barrier. Dysbiosis (imbalance in gut bacteria) can lead to increased intestinal permeability, often called "leaky gut", allowing harmful substances to enter the bloodstream and trigger systemic inflammation.

Immune system connection.

Approximately 70% of the immune system resides in the gut. When the gut microbiome is out of balance, it can over-activate the immune system, contributing to inflammatory skin conditions like acne, eczema, psoriasis, and rosacea.

Microbial metabolites and skin health.

Beneficial gut bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and other metabolites that help regulate inflammation and skin barrier function. Certain gut microbes also influence the production of vitamins and antioxidants, like biotin and vitamin K, which are essential for healthy skin.

Hormonal interactions.

The gut plays a role in metabolising and regulating hormones, such as oestrogen, androgens, and cortisol. Imbalances in these hormones, often linked to gut dysfunction, and can exacerbate conditions like hormonal acne.

Skin microbiome.

Like the gut, the skin has its own microbiome. Dysbiosis in the gut can alter the composition of the skin microbiota, making it more susceptible to infections, dryness, and inflammation.

Interventions.

Dietary: Include anti-inflammatory foods, fibre, probiotics, and prebiotics to restore gut balance.

Probiotics: Certain strains, like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, have shown positive effects on skin health.

Reducing Inflammatory Triggers: Minimise processed foods, refined sugar, and alcohol, which can exacerbate gut and skin inflammation.

Addressing Dysbiosis: Functional testing can identify specific imbalances, guiding personalised interventions.